凡纳滨对虾在微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)诱导下3种抗菌肽基因的表达量分析

蓝藻水华可产生大量藻毒素,其中以微囊藻毒素危害最大。研究表明微囊藻毒素可影响包括虾类在内的多种水生生物的生长和繁殖,亦可导致虾类免疫系统受损。本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测了在微囊藻毒素MC-LR作用下,凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体液免疫中3种主要的抗菌肽基因(Penaeidin 3、Crustin和ALF)的表达量变化情况,发现Penaeidin 3和ALF受到MC-LR影响较大,Crustin基因表达量虽有所上调,但变化不大。同时,通过再次注射鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)对3种抗菌肽在MC-LR影响下抗菌能力的检测,发现3种抗菌肽表现出相对一致的变化,即表达量均在前期下调,4 h后逐渐上调,在MC-LR处理组中的表达量低于对照组的趋势。结果表明MC-LR可能通过直接或间接的方式影响对虾3种抗菌肽基因的表达,对免疫系统造成损伤,致使对虾抗病能力减弱;这一结果表明,长期发生铜绿微囊藻水华的虾池对虾存活率下降,可能与微囊藻毒素影响对虾抗菌肽基因的表达有关。     

Vasonatrin peptide attenuates injuries of dopaminergic neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

AIM：To investigate the neuroprotective effects of vasonatrin peptide (VNP) on the injury of dopaminergic neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). METHODS：Cultured dopaminergic neurons from the mouse ventral mesencephalon were exposed to MPP+, and the effects of VNP on the neurotoxicity of MPP+ were eva-luated by cell viability analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Various kinds of agonists and antagonists were used to clarify the mechanism underlying the effects of VNP. RESULTS：MPP+ caused injuries in the dopaminergic neurons. VNP significantly increased the viability, axon number and axon length of the dopaminergic neurons. The MPP+-induced depolymerization of β-tubulin Ⅲ was also attenuated by the treatment with VNP. In addition, VNP significantly increased the intracellular levels of cGMP. These effects of VNP were mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP (a cell-permeable analog of cGMP), whereas inhibited by HS-142-1 ［the antagonist of the particulate guanylyl cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)］, or KT-5823 ［a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor］. CONCLUSION：VNP attenuates the neurotoxicity of MPP+ via guanylyl cyclase-coupled NPR/cGMP/PKG pathway, indicating that VNP might be a new effective reagent in the treatment of neural degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease.     

Marine Sponge Derived Natural Products between 2001 and 2010: Trends and Opportunities for Discovery of Bioactives

Marine sponges belonging to the phylum Porifera (Metazoa), evolutionarily the oldest animals are the single best source of marine natural products. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of the source, taxonomy, country of origin or geographical position, chemical class, and biological activity of sponge-derived new natural products discovered between 2001 and 2010. The data has been analyzed with a view to gaining an outlook on the future trends and opportunities in the search for new compounds and their sources from marine sponges.     

酸橙活性成分及其生理功效的研究进展

酸橙(Citrus aurantium L.)是可用于保健食品的柑橘属植物,其所含生物活性成分以黄酮类、生物碱类和挥发油类化合物为主.目前,酸橙以加工中药材枳壳和枳实为主,而在食品资源开发方面极为有限.综述了酸橙果实中活性成分的化学组成对大鼠等动物以及人的胃肠道、心血管系统和中枢神经系统的调节作用,及其抗肥胖、抗氧化和抗癌活性,旨在为酸橙的功能食品开发提供理论依据.     

抗菌肽基因异源表达系统研究进展

抗菌肽是机体天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,因具有抗菌谱广、活性稳定、不易产生耐药性等优点而在食品、饲料、农业、医药领域具有重要的应用价值.由于化学合成的成本较高,利用基因工程技术构建高效的生物表达系统成为一个新的途径.综述了抗菌肽在细菌、酵母、植物、动物等表达系统中异源表达的研究进展,为抗菌肽的研究应用提供理论依据.     

Hormonal regulation of metabolism in hepatocytes of the ureogenic teleostopsanus beta

Short-term exposure of isolated toadfish hepatocytes to high concentrations (100 nM) of glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP) or epinephrine significantly increases the rate of lactate gluconeogenesis (1.3-fold) and glycogenolysis (5- to 7-fold). Half-maximal responsiveness to GLP is reached at about 2 nM for gluconeogenesis and 6 nM for glycogenolysis, while the value for glycogenolysis activated by catfish glucagon is 28 nM. Cells do not to respond to 5 nM epinephrine. Norepinephrine, urotensin II and leucine-enkephalin, each applied at 100 nM, increase the rate of glycogenolysis by 1.3 to 1.5-fold. All other hormones tested (vasotocin, isotocin, VIP, methionine-enkephalin, ovine prolactin, -endorphin, APY, salmon insulin) failed to affect metabolic flux through glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis. None of the hormones altered the rate of urea synthesis or the rate of lactate oxidation by hepatocytes. Although toadfish hepatocytes are responsive to hormonal stimuli, they do not appear to be a useful model to study evolutionary trends in short-term hormonal regulation of urea synthesis. However, the obvious differences in mechanisms of control of urea synthesis in this species compared with ureogenic amphibians and mammals open an intriguing avenue for research.     

The effect of piscidin antimicrobial peptides on the formation of Gram-negative bacterial biofilms

Fish-derived antimicrobial peptides are an important part of the innate immune system due to their potent antimicrobial properties. Piscidins are a class of antimicrobial peptides first described in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) but have also been identified in many other fish species. Previous work demonstrated the broad antimicrobial activity of piscidins against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species. This study sought to determine the extent to which class I (striped bass piscidin 1, white bass piscidin 1 and striped bass/white bass piscidin 3) and class II (striped bass piscidin 4 and white bass piscidin 5) piscidins inhibit biofilm formation of different Gram-negative bacteria. In general, the class I and II piscidins demonstrate potent activity against Escherichia coli and Flavobacterium columnare biofilms. The class II piscidins showed more activity against E. coli and F. columnare isolates than did the class I piscidins. The piscidins in general were much less effective against inhibiting Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biofilm growth. Only the class I piscidins showed significant growth inhibition among the Aeromonas spp. examined.     

杀菌温度对优质巴氏杀菌乳中热敏感和生物活性物质的影响

选取我国东南某乳品企业特优级(A+)生乳,采用不同巴氏杀菌温度74℃、75℃、76℃、77℃、78℃、79℃和80℃(15 s保持时间),检测杀菌乳中的热敏感物质糠氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、乳过氧化物酶和乳中生物活性物质免疫球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、ɑ-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白的含量.试验结果显示,优质乳在74℃和75℃杀菌条件下活性物...     

鲶鱼骨酶解物的降血压肽活性研究

以鲶鱼骨蛋白为原料制备ACE抑制肽,采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶进行酶解,通过体外检测法测定其抑制率,优选出最佳用酶。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了碱性蛋白酶酶用量、pH、酶解温度、酶解时间、底物浓度等因素对ACE活性抑制效果的影响。结果表明:利用碱性蛋白酶水解鲶鱼骨,酶用量为500U/g、pH值8.5、温度为60℃、底物浓度为0.33kg/L、时间6h时酶解液对ACE的抑制活性最强,抑制率为88.36%。通过比较,最佳酶解条件下得到的降血压肽的ACE抑制率要高于降血压药尼莫地平和硝苯地平的ACE抑制率。     

牙鲆抗菌肽hepcidin基因在成鱼组织和不同发育时期胚胎中的表达分析

抗菌肽hepcidin是由hepcidin基因编码产生的小分子多肽,是机体天然免疫的重要因子。本文利用RT-PCR的方法分析表明,抗菌肽hepcidin基因在牙鲆成鱼不同组织和不同发育时期胚胎中普遍表达,但是表达水平存在着明显的差异。